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Amos 1

1BSBThese are the words of Amos, who was among the sheepherders of Tekoa—what he saw concerning Israel two years before the earthquake, in the days when Uzziah was king of Judah and Jeroboam son of Jehoash was king of Israel.

KJVThe words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake.

6 cross-references
  • Zechariah 14:5

    5You will flee by My mountain valley, for it will extend to Azal. You will flee as you fled from the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Then the Lord my God will come, and all the holy ones with Him.

    Open Zechariah 14:5
  • 2 Chronicles 26:1–23

    1All the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah.

    2Uzziah was the one who rebuilt Eloth and restored it to Judah after King Amaziah rested with his fathers.

    Open 2 Chronicles 26:1–23
  • Amos 7:14

    14“I was not a prophet,” Amos replied, “nor was I the son of a prophet; rather, I was a herdsman and a tender of sycamore-fig trees.

    Open Amos 7:14
  • 1 Kings 19:19

    19So Elijah departed and found Elisha son of Shaphat. He was plowing with twelve teams of oxen, and he was with the twelfth team. Elijah passed by him and threw his cloak around him.

    Open 1 Kings 19:19
  • 2 Samuel 14:2

    2So Joab sent to Tekoa to bring a wise woman from there. He told her, “Please pretend to be a mourner; put on clothes for mourning and do not anoint yourself with oil. Act like a woman who has mourned for the dead a long time.

    Open 2 Samuel 14:2
  • 2 Chronicles 11:6

    6He built up Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoa,

    Open 2 Chronicles 11:6

2BSBHe said: “The Lord roars from Zion and raises His voice from Jerusalem; the pastures of the shepherds mourn, and the summit of Carmel withers.”

KJVAnd he said, The Lord will roar from Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn, and the top of Carmel shall wither.

6 cross-references
  • Joel 3:16

    16The Lord will roar from Zion and raise His voice from Jerusalem; heaven and earth will tremble. But the Lord will be a refuge for His people, a stronghold for the people of Israel.

    Open Joel 3:16
  • Jeremiah 25:30

    30So you are to prophesy all these words against them and say to them: ‘The Lord will roar from on high; He will raise His voice from His holy habitation. He will roar loudly over His pasture; like those who tread the grapes, He will call out with a shout against all the inhabitants of the earth.

    Open Jeremiah 25:30
  • Isaiah 42:13

    13The Lord goes forth like a mighty one; He stirs up His zeal like a warrior. He shouts; yes, He roars in triumph over His enemies:

    Open Isaiah 42:13
  • Amos 9:3

    3Though they hide themselves atop Carmel, there I will track them and seize them; and though they hide from Me at the bottom of the sea, there I will command the serpent to bite them.

    Open Amos 9:3
  • Jeremiah 12:4

    4How long will the land mourn and the grass of every field be withered? Because of the evil of its residents, the animals and birds have been swept away, for the people have said, “He cannot see what our end will be.”

    Open Jeremiah 12:4
  • Nahum 1:4

    4He rebukes the sea and dries it up; He makes all the rivers run dry. Bashan and Carmel wither, and the flower of Lebanon wilts.

    Open Nahum 1:4

3BSBThis is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Damascus, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they threshed Gilead with sledges of iron.

KJVThus saith the Lord ; For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron:

6 cross-references
  • 2 Kings 10:32–33

    32In those days the Lord began to reduce the size of Israel. Hazael defeated the Israelites throughout their territory

    33from the Jordan eastward through all the land of Gilead (the region of Gad, Reuben, and Manasseh), and from Aroer by the Arnon Valley through Gilead to Bashan.

    Open 2 Kings 10:32–33
  • Isaiah 8:4

    4For before the boy knows how to cry ‘Father’ or ‘Mother,’ the wealth of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria will be carried off by the king of Assyria.”

    Open Isaiah 8:4
  • Jeremiah 49:23–27

    23Concerning Damascus: “Hamath and Arpad are put to shame, for they have heard a bad report; they are agitated like the sea; their anxiety cannot be calmed.

    24Damascus has become feeble; she has turned to flee. Panic has gripped her; anguish and pain have seized her like a woman in labor.

    Open Jeremiah 49:23–27
  • Amos 2:6

    6This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Israel, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they sell the righteous for silver and the needy for a pair of sandals.

    Open Amos 2:6
  • 2 Kings 8:12

    12“Why is my lord weeping?” asked Hazael. “Because I know the evil you will do to the Israelites,” Elisha replied. “You will set fire to their fortresses, kill their young men with the sword, dash their little ones to pieces, and rip open their pregnant women.”

    Open 2 Kings 8:12
  • Amos 1:9

    9This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Tyre, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they delivered up a whole congregation of exiles to Edom and broke a covenant of brotherhood.

    Open Amos 1:9

4BSBSo I will send fire upon the house of Hazael to consume the citadels of Ben-hadad.

KJVBut I will send a fire into the house of Hazael, which shall devour the palaces of Ben-hadad.

6 cross-references
  • 2 Kings 13:3

    3So the anger of the Lord burned against Israel, and He delivered them continually into the hands of Hazael king of Aram and his son Ben-hadad.

    Open 2 Kings 13:3
  • Jeremiah 49:27

    27“I will set fire to the walls of Damascus; it will consume the fortresses of Ben-hadad.”

    Open Jeremiah 49:27
  • 2 Kings 13:25

    25Then Jehoash son of Jehoahaz took back from Ben-hadad son of Hazael the cities that Hazael had taken in battle from his father Jehoahaz. Jehoash defeated Ben-hadad three times, and so recovered the cities of Israel.

    Open 2 Kings 13:25
  • 2 Kings 8:7–15

    7Then Elisha came to Damascus while Ben-hadad king of Aram was sick, and the king was told, “The man of God has come here.”

    8So the king said to Hazael, “Take a gift in your hand, go to meet the man of God, and inquire of the Lord through him, ‘Will I recover from this illness?’”

    Open 2 Kings 8:7–15
  • 2 Kings 6:24

    24Some time later, Ben-hadad king of Aram assembled his entire army and marched up to besiege Samaria.

    Open 2 Kings 6:24
  • Jeremiah 17:27

    27But if you do not listen to Me to keep the Sabbath day holy by not carrying a load while entering the gates of Jerusalem on the Sabbath day, then I will kindle an unquenchable fire in its gates to consume the citadels of Jerusalem.’”

    Open Jeremiah 17:27

5BSBI will break down the gates of Damascus; I will cut off the ruler from the Valley of Aven and the one who wields the scepter in Beth-eden. The people of Aram will be exiled to Kir,” says the Lord.

KJVI will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant from the plain of Aven, and him that holdeth the sceptre from the house of Eden: and the people of Syria shall go into captivity unto Kir, saith the Lord .

6 cross-references
  • 2 Kings 16:9

    9So the king of Assyria responded to him, marched up to Damascus, and captured it. He took its people to Kir as captives and put Rezin to death.

    Open 2 Kings 16:9
  • Amos 9:7

    7“Are you not like the Cushites to Me, O children of Israel?” declares the Lord. “Did I not bring Israel up from the land of Egypt, the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Arameans from Kir?

    Open Amos 9:7
  • Jeremiah 51:30

    30The warriors of Babylon have stopped fighting; they sit in their strongholds. Their strength is exhausted; they have become like women. Babylon’s homes have been set ablaze, the bars of her gates are broken.

    Open Jeremiah 51:30
  • Lamentations 2:9

    9Her gates have sunk into the ground; He has destroyed and shattered their bars. Her king and her princes are exiled among the nations, the law is no more, and even her prophets find no vision from the Lord.

    Open Lamentations 2:9
  • Isaiah 43:14

    14Thus says the Lord your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: “For your sake, I will send to Babylon and bring them all as fugitives, even the Chaldeans, in the ships in which they rejoice.

    Open Isaiah 43:14
  • Nahum 3:13

    13Look at your troops—they are like your women! The gates of your land are wide open to your enemies; fire consumes their bars.

    Open Nahum 3:13

6BSBThis is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Gaza, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they exiled a whole population, delivering them up to Edom.

KJVThus saith the Lord ; For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they carried away captive the whole captivity, to deliver them up to Edom:

6 cross-references
  • Amos 1:11

    11This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Edom, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because he pursued his brother with the sword and stifled all compassion; his anger raged continually, and his fury flamed incessantly.

    Open Amos 1:11
  • 2 Chronicles 28:18

    18The Philistines had also raided the cities of the foothills and the Negev of Judah, capturing and occupying Beth-shemesh, Aijalon, and Gederoth, as well as Soco, Timnah, and Gimzo with their villages.

    Open 2 Chronicles 28:18
  • Obadiah 1:11

    11On the day you stood aloof while strangers carried off his wealth and foreigners entered his gate and cast lots for Jerusalem, you were just like one of them.

    Open Obadiah 1:11
  • Amos 1:9

    9This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Tyre, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they delivered up a whole congregation of exiles to Edom and broke a covenant of brotherhood.

    Open Amos 1:9
  • 1 Samuel 6:17

    17As a guilt offering to the Lord, the Philistines had sent back one gold tumor for each city: Ashdod, Gaza, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron.

    Open 1 Samuel 6:17
  • Zephaniah 2:4–7

    4For Gaza will be abandoned, and Ashkelon left in ruins. Ashdod will be driven out at noon, and Ekron will be uprooted.

    5Woe to the dwellers of the seacoast, O nation of the Cherethites! The word of the Lord is against you, O Canaan, land of the Philistines: “I will destroy you, and no one will be left.”

    Open Zephaniah 2:4–7

7BSBSo I will send fire upon the walls of Gaza, to consume its citadels.

KJVBut I will send a fire on the wall of Gaza, which shall devour the palaces thereof:

6 cross-references
  • Zephaniah 2:4

    4For Gaza will be abandoned, and Ashkelon left in ruins. Ashdod will be driven out at noon, and Ekron will be uprooted.

    Open Zephaniah 2:4
  • 2 Kings 18:8

    8He defeated the Philistines as far as Gaza and its borders, from watchtower to fortified city.

    Open 2 Kings 18:8
  • Jeremiah 47:1

    1This is the word of the Lord that came to Jeremiah the prophet about the Philistines before Pharaoh struck down Gaza.

    Open Jeremiah 47:1
  • Deuteronomy 32:35

    35Vengeance is Mine; I will repay. In due time their foot will slip; for their day of disaster is near, and their doom is coming quickly.”

    Open Deuteronomy 32:35
  • Psalm 75:7–8

    7but it is God who judges; He brings down one and exalts another.

    8For a cup is in the hand of the Lord, full of foaming wine mixed with spices. He pours from His cup, and all the wicked of the earth drink it down to the dregs.

    Open Psalm 75:7–8
  • Deuteronomy 32:41–43

    41when I sharpen My flashing sword, and My hand grasps it in judgment, I will take vengeance on My adversaries and repay those who hate Me.

    42I will make My arrows drunk with blood, while My sword devours flesh—the blood of the slain and captives, the heads of the enemy leaders.”

    Open Deuteronomy 32:41–43

8BSBI will cut off the ruler of Ashdod and the one who wields the scepter in Ashkelon. I will turn My hand against Ekron, and the remnant of the Philistines will perish,” says the Lord God.

KJVAnd I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, and him that holdeth the sceptre from Ashkelon, and I will turn mine hand against Ekron: and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, saith the Lord God .

6 cross-references
  • Ezekiel 25:16

    16therefore this is what the Lord God says: Behold, I will stretch out My hand against the Philistines, and I will cut off the Cherethites and destroy the remnant along the coast.

    Open Ezekiel 25:16
  • Isaiah 14:29–31

    29Do not rejoice, all you Philistines, that the rod that struck you is broken. For a viper will spring from the root of the snake, and a flying serpent from its egg.

    30Then the firstborn of the poor will find pasture, and the needy will lie down in safety, but I will kill your root by famine, and your remnant will be slain.

    Open Isaiah 14:29–31
  • Zephaniah 2:4–7

    4For Gaza will be abandoned, and Ashkelon left in ruins. Ashdod will be driven out at noon, and Ekron will be uprooted.

    5Woe to the dwellers of the seacoast, O nation of the Cherethites! The word of the Lord is against you, O Canaan, land of the Philistines: “I will destroy you, and no one will be left.”

    Open Zephaniah 2:4–7
  • Jeremiah 47:4–5

    4For the day has come to destroy all the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every remaining ally. Indeed, the Lord is about to destroy the Philistines, the remnant from the coasts of Caphtor.

    5The people of Gaza will shave their heads in mourning; Ashkelon will be silenced. O remnant of their valley, how long will you gash yourself?

    Open Jeremiah 47:4–5
  • Isaiah 20:1

    1Before the year that the chief commander, sent by Sargon king of Assyria, came to Ashdod and attacked and captured it,

    Open Isaiah 20:1
  • Zechariah 9:6

    6A mixed race will occupy Ashdod, and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines.

    Open Zechariah 9:6

9BSBThis is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Tyre, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they delivered up a whole congregation of exiles to Edom and broke a covenant of brotherhood.

KJVThus saith the Lord ; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

6 cross-references
  • 1 Kings 9:11–14

    11King Solomon gave twenty towns in the land of Galilee to Hiram king of Tyre, who had supplied him with cedar and cypress logs and gold for his every desire.

    12So Hiram went out from Tyre to inspect the towns that Solomon had given him, but he was not pleased with them.

    Open 1 Kings 9:11–14
  • Isaiah 23:1–18

    1This is the burden against Tyre: Wail, O ships of Tarshish, for Tyre is laid waste, without house or harbor. Word has reached them from the land of Cyprus.

    2Be silent, O dwellers of the coastland, you merchants of Sidon, whose traders have crossed the sea.

    Open Isaiah 23:1–18
  • Joel 3:4–8

    4Now what do you have against Me, O Tyre, Sidon, and all the regions of Philistia? Are you rendering against Me a recompense? If you retaliate against Me, I will swiftly and speedily return your recompense upon your heads.

    5For you took My silver and gold and carried off My finest treasures to your temples.

    Open Joel 3:4–8
  • Zechariah 9:2–4

    2and also against Hamath, which borders it, as well as Tyre and Sidon, though they are very shrewd.

    3Tyre has built herself a fortress; she has heaped up silver like dust, and gold like the dirt of the streets.

    Open Zechariah 9:2–4
  • 2 Chronicles 2:8–16

    8Send me also cedar, cypress, and algum logs from Lebanon, for I know that your servants have skill to cut timber there. And indeed, my servants will work with yours

    9to prepare for me timber in abundance, because the temple I am building will be great and wonderful.

    Open 2 Chronicles 2:8–16
  • Ezekiel 26:1–21

    1In the eleventh month of the twelfth year, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me, saying,

    2“Son of man, because Tyre has said of Jerusalem, ‘Aha! The gate to the nations is broken; it has swung open to me; now that she lies in ruins I will be filled,’

    Open Ezekiel 26:1–21

10BSBSo I will send fire upon the walls of Tyre to consume its citadels.”

KJVBut I will send a fire on the wall of Tyrus, which shall devour the palaces thereof.

4 cross-references
  • Zechariah 9:4

    4Behold, the Lord will impoverish her and cast her wealth into the sea, and she will be consumed by fire.

    Open Zechariah 9:4
  • Amos 1:7

    7So I will send fire upon the walls of Gaza, to consume its citadels.

    Open Amos 1:7
  • Ezekiel 26:12

    12They will plunder your wealth and pillage your merchandise. They will demolish your walls, tear down your beautiful homes, and throw your stones and timber and soil into the water.

    Open Ezekiel 26:12
  • Amos 1:4

    4So I will send fire upon the house of Hazael to consume the citadels of Ben-hadad.

    Open Amos 1:4

11BSBThis is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Edom, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because he pursued his brother with the sword and stifled all compassion; his anger raged continually, and his fury flamed incessantly.

KJVThus saith the Lord ; For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever:

6 cross-references
  • Ezekiel 25:12–14

    12This is what the Lord God says: ‘Because Edom acted vengefully against the house of Judah, and in so doing incurred grievous guilt,

    13therefore this is what the Lord God says: I will stretch out My hand against Edom and cut off from it both man and beast. I will make it a wasteland, and from Teman to Dedan they will fall by the sword.

    Open Ezekiel 25:12–14
  • Numbers 20:14–21

    14From Kadesh, Moses sent messengers to tell the king of Edom, “This is what your brother Israel says: You know all the hardship that has befallen us,

    15how our fathers went down to Egypt, where we lived many years. The Egyptians mistreated us and our fathers,

    Open Numbers 20:14–21
  • 2 Chronicles 28:17

    17The Edomites had again come and attacked Judah and carried away captives.

    Open 2 Chronicles 28:17
  • Joel 3:19

    19Egypt will become desolate, and Edom a desert wasteland, because of the violence done to the people of Judah, in whose land they shed innocent blood.

    Open Joel 3:19
  • Malachi 1:4

    4Though Edom may say, “We have been devastated, but we will rebuild the ruins,” this is what the Lord of Hosts says: “They may build, but I will demolish. They will be called the Land of Wickedness, and a people with whom the Lord is indignant forever.

    Open Malachi 1:4
  • Jeremiah 49:7–22

    7Concerning Edom, this is what the Lord of Hosts says: “Is there no longer wisdom in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom decayed?

    8Turn and run! Lie low, O dwellers of Dedan, for I will bring disaster on Esau at the time I punish him.

    Open Jeremiah 49:7–22

12BSBSo I will send fire upon Teman to consume the citadels of Bozrah.”

KJVBut I will send a fire upon Teman, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah.

6 cross-references
  • Jeremiah 49:7

    7Concerning Edom, this is what the Lord of Hosts says: “Is there no longer wisdom in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom decayed?

    Open Jeremiah 49:7
  • Obadiah 1:9–10

    9Then your mighty men, O Teman, will be terrified, so that everyone in the mountains of Esau will be cut down in the slaughter.

    10Because of the violence against your brother Jacob, you will be covered with shame and cut off forever.

    Open Obadiah 1:9–10
  • Jeremiah 49:20

    20Therefore hear the plans that the Lord has drawn up against Edom and the strategies He has devised against the people of Teman: Surely the little ones of the flock will be dragged away; certainly their pasture will be made desolate because of them.

    Open Jeremiah 49:20
  • Jeremiah 49:22

    22Look! An eagle will soar and swoop down, spreading its wings over Bozrah. In that day the hearts of Edom’s mighty men will be like the heart of a woman in labor.

    Open Jeremiah 49:22
  • Jeremiah 49:13

    13For by Myself I have sworn, declares the Lord, that Bozrah will become a desolation, a disgrace, a ruin, and a curse, and all her cities will be in ruins forever.”

    Open Jeremiah 49:13
  • Genesis 36:11

    11The sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz.

    Open Genesis 36:11

13BSBThis is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of the Ammonites, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they ripped open the pregnant women of Gilead in order to enlarge their territory.

KJVThus saith the Lord ; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border:

6 cross-references
  • Hosea 13:16

    16Samaria will bear her guilt because she has rebelled against her God. They will fall by the sword; their little ones will be dashed to pieces, and their pregnant women ripped open.

    Open Hosea 13:16
  • Ezekiel 25:2–7

    2“Son of man, set your face against the Ammonites and prophesy against them.

    3Tell the Ammonites to hear the word of the Lord God, for this is what the Lord God says: ‘Because you exclaimed, “Aha!” when My sanctuary was profaned, when the land of Israel was laid waste, and when the house of Judah went into exile,

    Open Ezekiel 25:2–7
  • Jeremiah 49:1–6

    1Concerning the Ammonites, this is what the Lord says: “Has Israel no sons? Is he without heir? Why then has Milcom taken possession of Gad? Why have his people settled in their cities?

    2Therefore, behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will sound the battle cry against Rabbah of the Ammonites. It will become a heap of ruins, and its villages will be burned. Then Israel will drive out their dispossessors, says the Lord.

    Open Jeremiah 49:1–6
  • Zephaniah 2:8–9

    8“I have heard the reproach of Moab and the insults of the Ammonites, who have taunted My people and threatened their borders.

    9Therefore, as surely as I live,” declares the Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel, “surely Moab will be like Sodom and the Ammonites like Gomorrah—a place of weeds and salt pits, a perpetual wasteland. The remnant of My people will plunder them; the remainder of My nation will dispossess them.”

    Open Zephaniah 2:8–9
  • Isaiah 5:8

    8Woe to you who add house to house and join field to field until no place is left and you live alone in the land.

    Open Isaiah 5:8
  • Ezekiel 35:10

    10Because you have said, ‘These two nations and countries will be ours, and we will possess them,’ even though the Lord was there,

    Open Ezekiel 35:10

14BSBSo I will kindle a fire in the walls of Rabbah to consume its citadels amid war cries on the day of battle and a violent wind on the day of tempest.

KJVBut I will kindle a fire in the wall of Rabbah, and it shall devour the palaces thereof, with shouting in the day of battle, with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind:

6 cross-references
  • Jeremiah 49:2

    2Therefore, behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will sound the battle cry against Rabbah of the Ammonites. It will become a heap of ruins, and its villages will be burned. Then Israel will drive out their dispossessors, says the Lord.

    Open Jeremiah 49:2
  • Deuteronomy 3:11

    11(For only Og king of Bashan had remained of the remnant of the Rephaim. His bed of iron, nine cubits long and four cubits wide, is still in Rabbah of the Ammonites.)

    Open Deuteronomy 3:11
  • Amos 2:2

    2So I will send fire against Moab to consume the citadels of Kerioth. Moab will die in tumult, amid war cries and the sound of the ram’s horn.

    Open Amos 2:2
  • Isaiah 30:30

    30And the Lord will cause His majestic voice to be heard and His mighty arm to be revealed, striking in angry wrath with a flame of consuming fire, and with cloudburst, storm, and hailstones.

    Open Isaiah 30:30
  • 2 Samuel 12:26

    26Meanwhile, Joab fought against Rabbah of the Ammonites and captured the royal fortress.

    Open 2 Samuel 12:26
  • Daniel 11:40

    40At the time of the end, the king of the South will engage him in battle, but the king of the North will storm out against him with chariots, horsemen, and many ships, invading many countries and sweeping through them like a flood.

    Open Daniel 11:40

15BSBTheir king will go into exile—he and his princes together,” says the Lord.

KJVAnd their king shall go into captivity, he and his princes together, saith the Lord .

1 cross-reference
  • Jeremiah 49:3

    3Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai has been destroyed; cry out, O daughters of Rabbah! Put on sackcloth and mourn; run back and forth within your walls, for Milcom will go into exile together with his priests and officials.

    Open Jeremiah 49:3